GLP-1 receptor agonist medications, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, have garnered significant attention not only for their efficacy in weight loss and diabetes management but also for their diverse impacts on the body and mind. Beyond their well-known gastrointestinal side effects, these drugs are increasingly associated with potential changes in mood and personality, and, in rare instances, serious conditions like vision loss. However, these medications also represent a crucial tool for individuals struggling with weight, as exemplified by prominent figures like Serena Williams.

One emerging discussion point among users and medical professionals is the concept of "Ozempic personality." GLP-1s primarily target the brain, specifically the reward center in the hypothalamus, which influences how individuals perceive pleasure, including from food. While this mechanism aids in weight loss by modulating the high associated with eating, it can also lead to broader psychological effects. Doctors, including bariatric surgeon Dr. Michael Russo and endocrinologist Dr. Rekha Kumar, confirm that while personality and mood changes are rare, they are observed in a small number of patients. The most common emotional and psychological changes tend to be positive, such as an elevated mood due to stable blood sugar, increased libido, or enhanced mental clarity from reduced brain inflammation. Conversely, anecdotal evidence, particularly from online forums, suggests some users experience negative shifts, including decreased enthusiasm and drive for previously enjoyed activities, diminished libido, irritability, or feeling more subdued and monotone. This phenomenon is often described as anhedonia, a lack of interest in pleasurable activities. Dr. Kumar suggests these dulled effects are likely related to an "overly suppressing pleasure pathways in the brain." It is crucial for patients experiencing negative mood or personality changes to consult their prescribing doctor, as simple interventions like dosage adjustments or switching to a different GLP-1 class (e.g., from semaglutide to tirzepatide) can often mitigate these effects.

Another serious, albeit rare, side effect linked to semaglutide is non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a form of vision loss that can lead to permanent blindness. NAION is characterized by reduced blood flow to the optic nerve head and typically develops suddenly over a few days. While the exact cause is unclear, it is more prevalent in individuals with conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea. Multiple studies have explored the link between semaglutide and NAION. A 2024 JAMA Ophthalmology study analyzing over 17,000 patients found that those with diabetes who took semaglutide had an increased risk of developing NAION compared to those on other diabetes medications. Subsequent research in JAMA Ophthalmology (2025) and JAMA Network Open (2025) also indicated a slight risk. However, experts like neuro-ophthalmologist Dr. Howard Krauss, Dr. Joseph Rizzo, and bariatric surgeon Dr. Mir Ali emphasize that these studies demonstrate a link, not a direct cause-and-effect relationship. They highlight potential confounding factors, such as patients with more severe underlying health conditions (which already increase NAION risk) being more likely to be prescribed semaglutide. NAION remains a "rare and unusual side effect," with the vast majority of users not experiencing it. Doctors stress the importance of regular eye exams, especially for individuals with diabetes, but advise against panicking over the current findings, as more research is needed to fully understand the connection.

The impact of GLP-1s extends to personal health journeys, challenging societal stigmas around weight loss medications. Tennis legend Serena Williams candidly shared her experience using a GLP-1 regimen after struggling to lose post-pregnancy weight despite a rigorous athletic routine and healthy lifestyle. After the birth of her daughters, Olympia in 2017 and Adira in 2023, Williams found herself plateauing, experiencing significant strain on her joints due to the extra weight. Recognizing the need for a different approach, she researched weight loss medications. Initially hesitant due to the stigma of GLP-1s being perceived as a "shortcut" or "copout," Williams ultimately decided to try the medication. She partnered with telehealth company Ro, appreciating the accessible support. Seven months into her treatment, Williams has seen results beyond weight loss, including improved joint health and a renewed enjoyment of sports. She actively works to bust the stigma, asserting that GLP-1s are simply "another tool to support my health journey" and do not diminish her efforts as a professional athlete. Her transparency aims to encourage others to explore their health options without fear of judgment.

In conclusion, GLP-1 medications represent a complex yet powerful class of drugs. While they offer significant benefits for weight management and conditions like diabetes, users should be aware of their potential effects on mood and personality, as well as extremely rare but serious side effects like vision loss. Medical consensus points to the rarity of negative outcomes, with many psychological changes being positive. Personal stories, such as Serena Williams's, underscore the legitimate need for these medications as part of a comprehensive health strategy, challenging prevailing stigmas. Open communication with healthcare providers remains paramount for managing any concerns and ensuring the optimal use of these transformative treatments.