Muhammadu Buhari, a towering figure in Nigerian politics, left an indelible mark on the nation, characterized by a unique leadership style, profound political influence, and a multifaceted public persona that continued to be debated even after his passing. From his early days as a military leader to his two-term presidency, Buhari remained a subject of intense scrutiny, admiration, and criticism, reflecting his complex impact on the country.

Observers, including his State House correspondent, noted Buhari's stoicism and economy of words. He often conveyed more through body language and gestures than through lengthy speeches or press briefings, making him a paradox, a symbol, and a stoic. A single sentence from him could trigger varying news headlines, forcing reporters to master the art of reading silences and decoding quietness. His disciplined, old-school sense of duty, sometimes perceived as rigidity, was evident in his schedule and unwavering demeanor during long Federal Executive Council sessions.

Despite his reserved public image, Buhari possessed a dry wit and could laugh heartily, especially at his own jokes, surprising those around him when cameras were off. He was not without empathy; his eyes betrayed deep emotion during the reception of the first batch of Chibok schoolgirls in 2016, where he appeared more like a father than a president. Abubakar Sabo Aliyu also recalled Buhari's playful nature with children and his emphasis on honesty and courage, reflecting a personal side often unseen.

Buhari's approach to governance was anchored more on discipline and austerity than flamboyance, giving the presidency an orderly and sometimes cold atmosphere, often likened to a barracks. He preferred the formal address of “Mr. President.” He delegated heavily, at times to a fault, allowing aides to champion policies while he held the overarching vision.

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His administration faced controversies, including a notable six-month delay in ministerial appointments, which led to accusations of slow decision-making. His health scares in 2017 caused national anxiety and fueled speculations during his medical leave in the United Kingdom; however, he maintained his grip on power upon his return. Although he reportedly disdained media sensationalism, he closely followed news and read newspapers daily, sometimes even more diligently than his media aides, occasionally commenting on stories unexpectedly.

Buhari commanded a unique, cult-like following, particularly among the Northern masses, who revered him as “mai-gaskiya” (incorruptible) and an anti-establishment figure. This devotion, often described as deep, irrational, and enduring, led supporters to defend him fiercely, viewing his silences as wisdom and blaming failures on others. Clerics and musicians significantly contributed to cementing his image as the sole solution for ordinary people's problems. His political influence was formidable; he maintained popularity and substantial vote counts despite switching parties four times throughout his career (APP in 2003, ANPP in 2007, CPC in 2011, and APC in 2015, with re-election in 2019).

His endorsement proved pivotal, as seen with Bola Tinubu’s successful Muslim-Muslim ticket in 2023, which was considered Buhari's “last political act.” Many politicians, from governors to state assembly members, attributed their electoral success simply to their party affiliation with Buhari, benefiting from the “sak” (top to bottom) voting wave. However, despite these successes, political analyst Anthony Kila critically described Buhari as “a promise unkept,” arguing that many aspirations of his supporters were not realized during his tenure.

After leaving office in 2023, Buhari retired to his residence in Daura, Katsina State, where he reportedly interacted more frequently with visitors like Governor Dikko Radda. During these conversations, Buhari reportedly hailed President Bola Tinubu’s bravery in removing the petrol subsidy immediately after inauguration, noting that he himself had faced too many obstacles when attempting similar reforms. In his final moments, recounted by his close family member Alhaji Mamman Daura, Buhari was in high spirits on a Saturday in a London clinic, where he had been admitted, planning his return to Nigeria. However, his condition worsened suddenly on Sunday, and he began experiencing breathing difficulties, passing away around 4:30 pm.

Former President Muhammadu Buhari died at 82 in a London clinic on a Sunday. His remains were conveyed back to Nigeria aboard a Nigerian Air Force flight, arriving in Katsina. He was laid to rest at his residence in Daura, Katsina State, amidst tears and prayers, with his body shrouded in white and placed in a grave similar to that of a common man. The funeral was attended by numerous dignitaries, including President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Vice President Kashim Shettima, former Vice Presidents Yemi Osinbajo and Atiku Abubakar, the President of Guinea Bissau Umaro Sissoco Embaló, and the Prime Minister of Niger Republic Ali Mahamane Lamine Zeine, along with various state governors, National Assembly leaders, security chiefs, and prominent business figures.

Hundreds of supporters climbed trees to bid farewell in Daura, which residents described as “filled to thebrim. A joint military team rendered a 21-gun salute, and his citation was read by Chief of Defence Staff General Christopher Musa, who praised him as a “fine soldier” exhibiting professionalism, discipline, honesty, integrity, and selfless service. The funeral prayer, led by Chief Imam of Daura Sheikh Alhaji Salisu Rabiu, had to contend with the mammoth crowd that attended. Tributes poured in from around the world.

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The UN Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed, who served under Buhari, described him as a man of “unwavering discipline, deep conviction and steadfast patriotism,” a true patriot who believed in his country and people, emphasizing his guiding principle of service to humanity. Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and Moroccan King Mohammed VI also extended condolences, praising his service and leadership. The Ohanaeze Ndigbo Worldwide described him as a patriot who contributed to the Nigerian project. Beneficiaries of his charitable gestures, like Aminu Daura and Abdullahi Sani, tearfully recalled his quiet distribution of foodstuffs, Sallah rams, and funding for school fees and medical bills. Community members testified to his high moral character, honesty, trustworthiness, and consistent prayer in congregation.

Muhammadu Buhari’s departure created a significant political void, leaving questions about who could possibly fill his shoes as “Mr. Integrity” or “mai-gaskiya” for the Northern populace. His life and presidency, marked by discipline, unique communication, strong convictions, and a powerful political wave, remain a complex and enduring part of Nigeria’s history.