A significant fraud investigation involving the Social Health Authority (SHA) has cast a shadow over Kenya's Ministry of Health, raising long-standing concerns about corruption within the institution, colloquially known as "Afya House" or "Mafia House." The probe centers on a suspected Sh24 billion fraud stemming from massive false payment claims submitted to the SHA, an agency established as a cornerstone of President William Ruto’s ambitious universal health coverage program.

Health Cabinet Secretary Aden Duale addressed a press conference at Afya House in Nairobi on August 25, 2025, concerning these serious allegations. During his statement, CS Duale denied that SHA payments had been made to non-existent hospitals, even as the investigation into the vast sum of missing taxpayer money continues. The revelations have deeply unsettled stakeholders and the general public, who view the Ministry of Health as a potential hotbed of corruption.

Adding to the public's concern, questions have been raised regarding the apparent lack of arrests in the ongoing SHA investigations. On a Monday, CS Duale handed over what he termed "evidence" to the Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI). This action led to widespread expectations among stakeholders and ordinary Kenyans that immediate action would be taken against the individuals and facilities implicated in the alleged loss of approximately Sh24 billion of public funds. The absence of arrests thus far highlights growing calls for accountability and swift justice in this high-profile case.