Explore the risks and management of Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM). Expert advice on ensuring a healthy pregnancy despite complications.

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Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM), commonly referred to as ‘water breaking,’ occurs when the amniotic sac ruptures before labour begins. The amniotic sac is a protective membrane filled with fluid that surrounds and cushions the baby in the womb. Dr Juhee Jain, Director, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, New Delhi, explains that PROM refers to the rupture of membranes before labour begins. She states: “If this rupture occurs after 37 weeks, it’s considered normal and usually leads to labour. However, if it happens before 37 weeks, it’s termed Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) or Preterm PROM (PPROM).”

The exact cause of PROM is not always clear, but several factors may contribute to it:

Dr Jain highlights that PROM can be challenging for both doctors and patients: “PROM actually ruins the prognosis for the child in many cases, especially if it happens early in pregnancy.” 

A study published in The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology examined outcomes in women with PPROM. The study found that:

Management strategies for PROM depend on gestational age and severity of fluid leakage:

• Hospitalisation: In cases of PPROM, hospitalisation may be necessary for regular monitoring to prevent complications.

Dr. Jain emphasises: “Reaching the hospital promptly is critical when PROM occurs because decisions about conservative management or delivery depend on timely evaluation.”

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Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is a complex condition that requires prompt medical attention to ensure the safety of both mother and baby. As Dr Juhee Jain explains, “The decision to manage conservatively or proceed with delivery depends on factors like gestational age and severity of leakage.” Early diagnosis and timely intervention are key to minimising risks associated with PROM. By staying informed and vigilant during pregnancy, expectant mothers can take proactive steps toward better outcomes for themselves and their babies