researcher at Geisinger College of Health Sciences, emphasized the biochemical significance of SHOX. He pointed out that its position near the tip of the sex chromosomes allows it to escape silencing in females, though only partially. In males, both chromosomes actively contribute, enhancing the gene's expression and its effect on height.While the SHOX gene accounts for roughly a quarter of the average height difference, researchers believe other factors—such as sex hormones and yet-undiscovered genetic elements—also play important roles. According to Eric Schadt, professor at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, the use of large-scale biobank data was instrumental in shedding light on a mystery that has puzzled scientists for decades. He acknowledged that while the gene’s effect is modest, it represents a key step forward in understanding human growth.

Earlier research has also noted trends in height change over the past century, indicating that men have gained height at a faster rate than women, further widening the gap. Social studies have shown that women tend to prefer taller male partners, though scientists caution that taller individuals may also face higher risks for certain cancers due to increased cell division.

The findings not only enhance our understanding of human height differences but also provide a foundation for exploring genetic explanations behind other sex-based disparities. Researchers hope that further study into genes like SHOX and their interactions with hormones and other biological systems will continue to reveal more about the complexities of human growth and health outcomes.