The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organised Crime report documents systemic vulnerabilities in Africa’s largest gold producer amid rapid sector expansion.

Foreign actors from Asia and Europe are increasingly central to unlicensed mining operations, according to the study. These networks inject advanced technology and capital while evading regulatory oversight, complicating gold tracing and enabling money laundering. The report specifically identifies European criminal groups exploiting trade channels, raising cross-border smuggling concerns.

A sharp rise in cyanide use by artisanal miners presents severe ecological and health dangers. This shift from traditional mercury-based methods boosts gold recovery but threatens water sources and community safety when improperly managed. Researchers note the trend undermines Ghana’s environmental commitments and creates new regulatory challenges.

The gold sector became a strategic political asset during Ghana’s 2024 election cycle, the report finds. Both the ruling National Democratic Congress and opposition New Patriotic Party allegedly competed to control mining sites and licenses to secure electoral advantages. Tensions also flared between the Mahama administration and traditional chiefs over state-led Community Mining Schemes, with chiefs accusing authorities of sidelining customary governance.

Researchers recommend integrated solutions including mineral tracking systems, enhanced community consultation, and stricter oversight of foreign involvement. The study emphasizes transparent license allocations and cross-border cooperation to combat illicit financial flows. Failure to address these trends could jeopardize the sustainability of Ghana’s vital economic pillar, analysts conclude.